Apamin
Also known as: bee venom apamin · SK channel blocker
For in-vitro (laboratory) research purposes only. Not for human or animal consumption.
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For in-vitro research use only. Not for human consumption.
1What Is Apamin?
Bee venom peptide that blocks small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels; studied in memory and neurological models.
4Published Research - Plain English Summaries
The studies below have been published in peer-reviewed journals. Summaries are written in plain language - no jargon. Citations are provided as text only.
Xu B, Liu B, Zhao Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Yang Y, Wang R · 2026 · Neuroscience · PMID 42716199
Key finding: The study measured SK currents in atrial tissue from high-fat-diet mice to test the channels' role in arrhythmia under low-potassium conditions.
A 2025 mouse study examined apamin-sensitive SK channels in atrial arrhythmia under low-potassium metabolic syndrome conditions.
Kuo CH, Shih JY, Lin YH, Chang CW, Jhuo SJ, Lin TC, Huang TC, Liu IH, Kao PH, Lin EY, Huang PC, Chen XH · 2025 · Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · PMID 40882027
Key finding: The authors report that published pharmacological and structural data on apamin remain controversial, motivating their re-examination.
A 2022 study re-examined apamin's structure and channel pharmacology across frog oocytes, cell lines, and rat brain neurons.
Kuzmenkov AI, Peigneur S, Nasburg JA, Mineev KS, Nikolaev MV, Pinheiro-Junior EL, Arseniev AS, Wulff H, Tytgat J, Vassilevski AA · 2022 · Frontiers in pharmacology · PMID 36188602
Key finding: The review notes apamin accounts for about 2 to 3 percent of bee venom dry weight and is crosslinked by two disulfide bonds.
A 2020 review assessed apamin research in non-cancer diseases as a component of bee venom.
Gu H, Han SM, Park KK · 2020 · Toxins · PMID 32204567
Key finding: The review explains that SK channel activation generates the slow afterhyperpolarization that limits repetitive firing.
A 1999 review described the physiology of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, the family apamin blocks.
Bond CT, Maylie J, Adelman JP · 1999 · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · PMID 10414306
A 1984 review in Pharmacology and Therapeutics surveyed the known pharmacology of apamin.
Habermann E · 1984 · Pharmacology & therapeutics · PMID 6095335
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All content on this page is for in-vitro research purposes only. Not intended for human or animal use. Consult a licensed professional before handling research chemicals. No content on this page constitutes medical advice or a treatment recommendation.
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